Generally defined as a semi-close shot that shows actors from the hips up, this shot is used to capture subtle facial expressions while still depicting body language and environment that might be lost with a tighter frame. Since the second actor is only seen from behind, major film and television sets occasionally substitute a stand-in or photo double for over-the-shoulder shots. This helps the audience focus on one speaker at a time while framing them in the context of their conversation. This popular method for shooting two characters tightly focuses on one actor while framing the shot over the other actor’s back and shoulder. It can take several forms, from a mostly still shot used to establish the relationship between two characters to an action shot with two actors in frame. The two-shot is just what it sounds like: two subjects together in a semi-tight frame. There is some room for movement within the frame, though wide shots are used sparingly and (usually) for only a small part of the scene. The wide shot gives the audience a sense of environment by showing an actor or actors from far away, generally framed from the top of their heads to the bottom of their feet. Frequently used in action movies and episodic television-think gurneys wheeling through an ER or swift walks through the White House hallway-tracking shots require focus, precision, and patience from crew and actors alike. This complicated shot follows the movement of actors, objects, or vehicles in the frame by mounting the camera on a dolly or using a skilled Steadicam operator.
Since it is often the first shot to be filmed, actors help the director out by choosing a physical action that can be repeated take after take without hindering the creative process.
The master differs from the establishing shot in that it covers all of the action of the scene, providing a wide view that will later be cut with tighter angles and close ups. While it may not contain any actors, placement of characters within the establishing shot can be a great tool for indicating relationship before the start of the scene. Remember the outside of Jerry Seinfeld’s favorite diner or the house on the hill in “Psycho”? Frequently used in ’90s sitcoms and classic films, the establishing shot is an extremely wide view-often an exterior-used to the indicate the place, time, or concept of the scene that follows. Dipping your toe into film and television? Here are nine basic shots types that all on-camera actors should know! The Establishing Shot Whether creating your own content or acting in a major studio production, understanding the filmmakers’ craft will improve your performance and make you the crew’s best friend.
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